Head Trauma: What to Do, Signs to Watch, and When to Get Help

A hit to the head can change things in seconds. Know the immediate steps, warning signs, and when to get medical help. This guide gives plain, practical advice you can use right away.

First aid matters. If someone is conscious after a head injury, keep them still, calm, and seated or lying down. Check breathing and responsiveness. Stop any bleeding with gentle pressure using a clean cloth. Don't move the person if you suspect a neck injury - call emergency services. If they lose consciousness for any length of time, call an ambulance right away.

Watch for these red flags. Severe headache that gets worse, repeated vomiting, slurred speech, weakness or numbness on one side, seizures, drowsiness or confusion, unequal pupil size, clear fluid or blood from the nose or ears - any of these mean go to the ER now.

Concussion vs. More Serious Injury

Not every head hit is a brain injury, but concussions are common. A concussion may cause brief confusion, memory gaps around the event, light sensitivity, dizziness, nausea, or trouble concentrating. Symptoms often show up in the first 24-48 hours. Rest mentally and physically for a few days: avoid heavy screens, intense exercise, and alcohol. If symptoms get worse or last beyond two weeks, see a doctor.

More severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) can follow deeper blows or high-speed impacts. TBIs often include longer loss of consciousness, worsening headaches, persistent vomiting, or clear changes in behavior. Imaging like CT scans or MRIs helps doctors see bleeding, swelling, or fractures. Treatments range from observation and medication for headaches to surgery in cases of bleeding or pressure on the brain.

What to Expect at the Hospital

At the hospital, staff will check vitals, do a neurological exam, and may order imaging. Doctors will look for signs of skull fracture, internal bleeding, or swelling. Mild cases might only need observation for a few hours, then discharge with home-care rules. Serious cases require monitoring in the hospital, medicine to control symptoms, or surgery if needed.

Follow-up care matters. Even mild head trauma can cause lingering headaches, mood changes, sleep trouble, or memory lapses. Share any new or worsening symptoms with your doctor. Rehabilitation - physical therapy, occupational therapy, or speech therapy - helps many people regain function after moderate to severe injuries.

Prevention is simple and effective. Wear helmets when biking or playing contact sports, use seat belts, secure child car seats properly, remove trip hazards at home, and make living spaces fall-proof for older adults. Teach safe play and avoid risky behavior like driving under the influence.

If you're unsure how serious a head injury is, call your local emergency number or contact your doctor. Quick action and proper follow-up make a big difference in recovery. Keep this short checklist handy: stay still, stop bleeding, watch for red flags, get emergency help if needed, and follow up with a clinician. Write down symptom changes and bring notes to appointments too.