Fertility drugs: how they work, common options, and staying safe

Fertility drugs can change a cycle from 'no luck' to 'timed right.' If you’re exploring options, this page gives straightforward info on the main drugs, what they do, and how to use them safely. No fluff — just practical facts so you can talk to your doctor with better questions.

Common fertility medications and what they do

Clomiphene (Clomid): A pill often used first. It tricks the brain into making hormones that stimulate the ovaries. Many people take it for 5 days early in the cycle to trigger ovulation. It’s cheap and widely used, but can cause mood swings, hot flashes, or multiple pregnancies.

Letrozole (Femara): Originally a breast cancer drug, it’s now common for women with PCOS. It lowers estrogen briefly, prompting the body to produce more follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Studies show letrozole can work better than clomiphene for some people, and side effects are typically mild.

Gonadotropins (injectable FSH/LH): These injectables directly stimulate the ovaries. Clinics use them when pills aren’t enough or during IVF. They’re powerful and need close monitoring with blood tests and ultrasound because they raise the chance of twins or ovarian hyperstimulation.

hCG trigger shots: Used to finish the maturation of eggs and time ovulation. Usually given as a single injection once follicles are the right size.

Metformin and supplements: Metformin helps when insulin resistance is part of the problem, especially in PCOS. Some people use inositol (a supplement) alongside or instead of metformin — there’s growing research on benefits for ovulation and egg quality. Talk with your clinician before swapping or combining.

Safety, monitoring, and where to get them

These drugs work best under a provider’s care. Clinics monitor response with blood tests and scans. That lowers risks like multiple pregnancy and ovarian hyperstimulation. If you’re getting meds online, verify the pharmacy is legitimate and requires a prescription. Avoid sites selling prescription drugs without a prescription.

Side effects vary: mood changes, nausea, bloating, headaches, or heavier monitoring needs. Keep a log of symptoms and communicate changes to your clinic right away. If you feel severe pain or shortness of breath after injections, seek emergency care.

Want to learn more? Check our detailed articles on metformin alternatives and hormone therapies to compare options and real-world tips. Use this guide to shape questions for your doctor: which drug fits my diagnosis, what monitoring looks like, and what to expect in the first cycle.

Fertility treatment can feel technical and stressful. Clear info helps you stay in control. If you’re unsure about a medication or online source, ask a specialist before starting anything.